Added a debug-guidelines doc

Stolen from this comment https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs/issues/2594#issuecomment-212506980

License: MIT
Signed-off-by: Richard Littauer <richard.littauer@gmail.com>

debug-guide.md

+# General performance debugging guidelines
+
+This is a document for helping debug go-ipfs. Please add to it if you can!
+
+### Table of Contents
+- [Beginning](#beginning)
+- [Analysing the stack dump](#analysing-the-stack-dump)
+- [Analyzing the CPU Profile](#analyzing-the-cpu-profile)
+- [Other](#other)
+
+### Beginning
+
+When you see ipfs doing something (using lots of CPU, memory, or otherwise
+being weird), the first thing you want to do is gather all the relevant
+profiling information.
+
+- goroutine dump
+  - `curl localhost:5001/debug/pprof/goroutine\?debug=2 > ipfs.stacks`
+- 30 second cpu profile
+  - `curl localhost:5001/debug/pprof/profile > ipfs.cpuprof`
+- heap trace dump
+  - `curl localhost:5001/debug/pprof/heap > ipfs.stacks`
+- system information
+  - `ipfs diag sys > ipfs.sysinfo`
+
+Bundle all that up and include a copy of the ipfs binary that you are running
+(having the exact same binary is important, it contains debug info).
+
+You can investigate yourself if you feel intrepid:
+
+### Analysing the stack dump
+
+The first thing to look for is hung goroutines -- any goroutine thats been stuck
+for over a minute will note that in the trace. It looks something like:
+
+```
+goroutine 2306090 [semacquire, 458 minutes]:
+sync.runtime_Semacquire(0xc8222fd3e4)
+  /home/whyrusleeping/go/src/runtime/sema.go:47 +0x26
+sync.(*Mutex).Lock(0xc8222fd3e0)
+  /home/whyrusleeping/go/src/sync/mutex.go:83 +0x1c4
+gx/ipfs/QmedFDs1WHcv3bcknfo64dw4mT1112yptW1H65Y2Wc7KTV/yamux.(*Session).Close(0xc8222fd340, 0x0, 0x0)
+  /home/whyrusleeping/gopkg/src/gx/ipfs/QmedFDs1WHcv3bcknfo64dw4mT1112yptW1H65Y2Wc7KTV/yamux/session.go:205 +0x55
+gx/ipfs/QmWSJzRkCMJFHYUQZxKwPX8WA7XipaPtfiwMPARP51ymfn/go-stream-muxer/yamux.(*conn).Close(0xc8222fd340, 0x0, 0x0)
+  /home/whyrusleeping/gopkg/src/gx/ipfs/QmWSJzRkCMJFHYUQZxKwPX8WA7XipaPtfiwMPARP51ymfn/go-stream-muxer/yamux/yamux.go:39 +0x2d
+gx/ipfs/QmZK81vcgMhpb2t7GNbozk7qzt6Rj4zFqitpvsWT9mduW8/go-peerstream.(*Conn).Close(0xc8257a2000, 0x0, 0x0)
+  /home/whyrusleeping/gopkg/src/gx/ipfs/QmZK81vcgMhpb2t7GNbozk7qzt6Rj4zFqitpvsWT9mduW8/go-peerstream/conn.go:156 +0x1f2
+created by gx/ipfs/QmZK81vcgMhpb2t7GNbozk7qzt6Rj4zFqitpvsWT9mduW8/go-peerstream.(*Conn).GoClose
+  /home/whyrusleeping/gopkg/src/gx/ipfs/QmZK81vcgMhpb2t7GNbozk7qzt6Rj4zFqitpvsWT9mduW8/go-peerstream/conn.go:131 +0xab
+```
+
+At the top, you can see that this goroutine (number 2306090) has been waiting
+to acquire a semaphore for 458 minutes. That seems bad. Looking at the rest of
+the trace, we see the exact line it's waiting on is line 47 of runtime/sema.go.
+That's not particularly helpful, so we move on. Next, we see that call was made
+by line 205 of yamux/session.go in the `Close` method of `yamux.Session`. This
+one appears to be the issue.
+
+Given that information, look for another goroutine that might be
+holding the semaphore in question in the rest of the stack dump.
+(If you need help doing this, ping and we'll stub this out.)
+
+There are a few different reasons that goroutines can be hung:  
+- `semacquire` means we're waiting to take a lock or semaphore.  
+- `select` means that the goroutine is hanging in a select statement and none of the cases are yielding
+anything. 
+- `chan receive` and `chan send` are waiting for a channel to be received from or sent on, respectively. 
+- `IO wait` generally means that we are waiting on a socket to read or write data, although it *can* mean we are
+waiting on a very slow filesystem. 
+
+If you see any of those tags _without_ a `,
+X minutes` suffix, that generally means there isn't a problem -- you just caught
+that goroutine in the middle of a short wait for something. If the wait time is
+over a few minutes, that either means that goroutine doesn't do much, or
+something is pretty wrong.
+
+### Analyzing the CPU Profile
+
+The go team wrote an [excellent article on profiling go
+programs](http://blog.golang.org/profiling-go-programs). If you've already
+gathered the above information, you can skip down to where they start talking
+about `go tool pprof`. My go-to method of analyzing these is to run the `web`
+command, which generates an SVG dotgraph and opens it in your browser. This is
+the quickest way to easily point out where the hot spots in the code are.
+
+### Other
+
+If you have any questions, or want us to analyze some weird go-ipfs behaviour,
+just let us know, and be sure to include all the profiling information
+mentioned at the top.
+